• Theme: Cultivation and perceived reality, fear, and social beliefs shaped by TV exposure; cross-paper convergence on reality perception, fear of crime, and political misperceptions, with debates about interpretations [1], [13], [17], [4], [5].

• Theme: Politics, public opinion, and socialization effects of media; multiple works link broadcasts to political malaise, adolescent political values, campaign shaping, and news perception [3], [9], [10], [20], [16].

• Theme: Active audience and gratifications framework; users' needs, gratification orientations, and interaction with media, including commercials, news experiences, and media texts [6], [14], [15], [12], [11].

• Theme: Methodological debates and variability in effects; critiques, longitudinal patterns, and reexaminations show that influence depends on issues, methods, and audience, prompting methodological reflection [5], [10], [19], [13].